Association between semen collection time and semen parameters: an observational study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The process of semen collection plays a key role in the quality of semen specimens. However, the association between semen collection time and semen quality is still unclear. In this study, ejaculates by masturbation from 746 subfertile men or healthy men who underwent semen analysis were examined. The median (interquartile range) semen collection time for all participants was 7.0 (5.0-11.0) min, and the median time taken for semen collection was lower in healthy men than that in subfertile men (6.0 min vs 7.0 min). An increase in the time required to produce semen samples was associated with poorer semen quality. Among those undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), the miscarriage rate was positively correlated with the semen collection time. After adjusting for confounders, the highest quartile (Q4) of collection time was negatively associated with semen volume and sperm concentration. A longer time to produce semen samples (Q3 and Q4) was negatively correlated with progressive and total sperm motility. In addition, there was a significant negative linear association between the semen collection time and the sperm morphology. Higher risks of asthenozoospermia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-3.25, P = 0.002) and teratozoospermia (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.10-3.55, P = 0.02) were observed in Q3 than those in Q1. Our results indicate that a higher risk of abnormal semen parameter values was associated with an increase in time for semen collection, which may be related to male fertility through its association with semen quality.

A recurrent homozygous missense mutation in CCDC103 causes asthenoteratozoospermia due to disorganized dynein arms / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Asthenoteratozoospermia is one of the most severe types of qualitative sperm defects. Most cases are due to mutations in genes encoding the components of sperm flagella, which have an ultrastructure similar to that of motile cilia. Coiled-coil domain containing 103 (CCDC103) is an outer dynein arm assembly factor, and pathogenic variants of CCDC103 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). However, whether CCDC103 pathogenic variants cause severe asthenoteratozoospermia has yet to be determined. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for two individuals with nonsyndromic asthenoteratozoospermia in a consanguineous family. A homozygous CCDC103 variant segregating recessively with an infertility phenotype was identified (ENST00000035776.2, c.461A>C, p.His154Pro). CCDC103 p.His154Pro was previously reported as a high prevalence mutation causing PCD, though the reproductive phenotype of these PCD individuals is unknown. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of affected individuals' spermatozoa showed that the mid-piece was severely damaged with disorganized dynein arms, similar to the abnormal ultrastructure of respiratory ciliary of PCD individuals with the same mutation. Thus, our findings expand the phenotype spectrum of CCDC103 p.His154Pro as a novel pathogenic gene for nonsyndromic asthenospermia.

An Analysis on the treatment outcome of 68 cases of MDR -TB patients / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the treatment outcome of MDR -TB (Multidrug -resistant Tuberculosis)patients and to provide suggestions for standard management of MDR -TB patients.Methods Information of MDR -TB patients enrolled in Global Fund Multi -drug Resistant Tuberculosis Project between July 2009 and June 201 0 were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 68 treated patients,44 patients were cured and 1 patient finished the course.The cure rate was 66.1 8%.While 5 patients died,5 patients quitted the treatment as a result of side effects.Significant differences on the cure rate were observed between patients who had relapsed and failure of treatment (P <0.05).Conclusion The cure rate of MDR -TB needs to be improved.It is necessary to promote standard treatment and management and to improve the patient compliance.

The genotyping of ofloxacin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIRU-VNTR in Hangzhou city / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the application of MIRU - VNTR analysis in genotyping of the ofloxacin - resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hangzhou. Methods From April 2010 to June 2012,the clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis were collected from designated TB hospitals in Hangzhou for drug sensitivity test. The ofloxacin -resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were typed with RD105 deletion test and MIRU-VNTR typing method respectively,and the results from both methods were compared. Results A total of 52 ofloxacin -resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were collected. Using RD105 deletion test,43 strains(82. 69%)belonged to mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family. Using a 12-locus MIRU-VNTR typing,52 distinct MIRU-VNTR patterns were detected in the 52 ofloxacin-resistant strains. The Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index(HGI)was 0. 999. Except MIRU40 and ETR-F,the other 10 MIRU-VNTR loci showed moderate or high discriminatory power for both Beijing genotype isolates and non -Beijing genotype isolates. Conclusion The selected 10 MIRU-VNTR loci has a higher discriminatory power and are appropriate for the ofloxacin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping.

A study on the relationship between mental health status and medication adherence in tuberculosis patients / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of depression,anxiety and suicide behavior in patients suffering from tuberculosis in Hangzhou and to explore their relationship with medication adherence. Methods Demographic characteristics,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),the center for epidemiological studies -depression (CESD),social support rating scale (SSRS),suicide behavior information and the morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS)were investigated in 973 tuberculosis patients who were selected by systematic random sampling.Results The means of SAS and CESD were 39.71 ±8.30 and 14.16 ±10.77 respectively,which were both higher than the norms(P<0.01).Totally 102 (10.48%)patients had anxiety and 333 (34.22%)were depressed.Out of 973 patients,60 (6.17%)reported suicide ideation after tuberculosis diagnosis.The prevalence of non -adherence was 20.55%,which was defined with MMAS score above one and more.The non -adherence group had higher anxiety,depression and suicide ideation prevalence than the adherence group (15.50%vs.9.18%,46.50%vs.30.66%,11.00%vs.4.92%respectively,P<0.01).The mean score of SSRS,subjective support,objective support and utilization of support in the non-adherence group were 30.71 ±5.15,4.61 ±2.07,19.74 ±4.55 and 6.34 ±1.93 respectively,which were 34.06 ±7.39,6.62 ± 2.27,20.67 ±5.27 and 6.77 ±2.23 in the adherence group respectively.SSRS and its three dimension scores were significantly lower in the non-adherence group than that in the adherence group (P<0.01).Conclusion These findings show a quite serious situation of psychological problems of tuberculosis patients in Hangzhou and suggest psychological intervention should be included in adherence intervention.

Effects of ginseng and ligusticum drug containing serum on the ERK pathway, proliferation, and vitality of neural stem cells undergoing oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation culture / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of ginseng and Ligustrazine drug containing serum on the proliferation, vitality, and extracellular-signal-responsive kinase (ERK) pathway in neural stem cells undergoing in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation culture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cultured neural stem cells were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group (Group A), the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation group (Group B), the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation +ginseng serum group (Group C), the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation + Ligustrazine serum group (Group D), and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation +ginseng and Ligustrazine drug serum group (Group E).The protein expression levels of ERK and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) were observed using immunoblotting. The proliferation of neural stem cells was observed using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. The vitality of neural stem cells was detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The p-ERK level increased transiently at 10 min and 30 min after reoxygenation, but it decreased to the normal level at 4 h, 6 h, and 1 day, respectively. Compared with Group B, the p-ERK level at 6 h after reoxygenation could be elevated in Group C, D, and E. The proliferation and the vitality of neural stem cells at 1 day after reoxygenation could be enhanced. Furthermore, the effects of combination of ginseng and Ligusticum were better than those of using ginseng or Ligusticum alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combination of ginseng and Ligusticum could promote the proliferation and vitality of rats' neural stem cells undergoing oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation culture through ERK signal pathway. Its effects was better than that of using ginseng or Ligusticum alone.</p>

Ultra-rapid cryopreservation of human spermatozoa with different concentrations of sucrose / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of ultra-rapid freezing of human spermatozoa in the cryogenic vial with different concentrations of sucrose solution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We divided 40 normal semen samples prepared with the routine swim-up technique into 6 aliquots, 1 as the control and the other 5 cryopreserved with sucrose solution at the concentrations of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 mol/L, respectively. After thawing, we determined and compared the motility, progressive motility and plasma membrane integrity of the sperm among the 6 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The motility, progressive motility and plasma membrane integrity of the sperm were significantly lower after thawing than before cryopreservation ([96.2 +/- 1.8]%, [93.8 +/- 2.8]% and [99.0 +/- 0.8 ]%) (P<0.05). Post-thawing sperm motility was (55.5 +/- 6.3)% in the 0.20 mol/L sucrose group, significantly higher than in the 0.15, 0.25 and 0.30 mol/L groups ([45.9 +/- 6.6]%, [50.4 +/- 9.4]% and [45.5 +/- 11.2]%) (P<0.05), and it was (53.6 +/- 5.0)% in the conventional freezing group, with no statistically significant difference from the 0.20 and 0.25 mol/L sucrose cryopreservation groups (P> 0.05), but remarkably higher than in the 0.15 and 0.30 mol/L groups (P<0.05). Post-thawing progressive sperm motility exhibited no statistically significant differences between the 0.20 mol/L sucrose and conventional freezing groups ([44.4 +/- 7.4]% vs [42.3 +/- 8.1]%, P>0.05), but markedly higher in both than in the 0.15, 0.25 and 0.30 mol/L sucrose groups ([37.1 +/- 8.3 ]%, [33.1 +/- 9.2]% and [22.0 +/- 9.1]%) (P<0.05). Post-thawing plasma membrane integrity was significantly higher in the 0.20 mol/L sucrose cryopreservation group ( [70.1 +/- 6.9]%) than in either the conventional freezing group ([63.1 +/- 6.8]%) or the 0.15, 0.25 and 0.30 mol/L sucrose groups ([57.7 +/- 8.3]%, [63.5 +/- 10.7]% and [57.8 +/- 12.9]%) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a simple, safe and effective method, ultra-rapid freezing with sucrose solution at the final concentration of 0.20 mol/L can be used for the cryopreservation of human spermatozoa.</p>

Impact of nutritional status on postoperative outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the impact of nutritional status on postoperative outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of 289 colorectal cancer patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Putian Medical College between January 2006 and December 2009 were collected prospectively. Nutritional status was evaluated according to Reilly Nutrition Risk Score(Reilly NRS) and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The postoperative mortality was 3.5%(10/289) and the complication rate was 29.4%(82/297). Patients were stratified into those at nutrition risk(n=89) and those not at risk(n=200) according to Reilly NRS and the two groups were similar in mortality rate(5.6% vs. 2.5%, P>0.05) and complication rate(36.1% vs. 26.5%, P>0.05). When stratified using NRS-2002, patients at nutritional risk(n=105) had a similar mortality rate (5.7% vs. 2.2%, P>0.05) but a higher complication rate(38.4% vs. 24.4%, P<0.05). NRS-2002 remained as an significant predictor of postoperative complications(P=0.007, OR=3.14, 95% CI:1.63-6.29) on multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a nutritional evaluation tool, NRS-2002 may predict postoperative complication for colorectal cancer.</p>

The relationship between prepregnancy body mass index and the occurrence of pregnancy induced hypertension / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the relationship between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data were collected in 6 counties/cities covered by Perinatal Health Care Surveillance System which was part of the Sino-American cooperative project on neural tube defects prevention established in 1992. The study population consisted of 83 159 women who attended premarital or preconception medical physical examination and delivered single live births with at least 20 gestational weeks from 1995 to 2000 in Jiaxing area. The Chi-square test was employed to test the difference in the rates of PIH among groups with different BMI. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between prepregnancy BMI and the risk of PIH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of PIH was 11.01% (9153/83 159; 95% CI: 10.79% - 11.22%). The rate of PIH among women with BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2), 18.5 - 22.9 kg/m(2), 23.0 - 24.9 kg/m(2), and > or = 25.0 kg/m(2) were 9.08% (1405/15 472; 95% CI: 8.63% - 9.54%), 10.82% (6389/59 054; 95% CI: 10.57% - 11.07%), 14.63% (943/6444; 95% CI: 13.78% - 15.52%), and 19.00% (416/2189; 95% CI: 17.38% - 20.71%), respectively, the difference was significant (chi(trend)(2) = 261.028, P = 0.000). Taking those with BMI 18.5 - 22.9 kg/m(2) as reference, the unadjusted RR for PIH was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77 - 0.87) among women with BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2), 1.41 (95% CI: 1.31 - 1.52) among women with BMI 23.0 - 24.9 kg/m(2), and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.73 - 2.16) among women with BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m(2). After controlling for area, maternal age at delivery, educational level, occupation, parity, times of prenatal visit as well as the individual or family history of chronic hypertension, the estimated RR were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80 - 0.90), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.27 - 1.47) and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.68 - 2.10), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High prepregnancy BMI could increase the risk of PIH.</p>

Relations between pre-pregnancy body mass index,gestational weight gain,and the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),weight gain during pregnancy,and the risk of neonatal asphyxia.Methods Data was collected in 6 counties/cities covered by Peri-natal Health Care Surveillance System which was part of a Sino-American cooperative project on neural tube defects prevention established in 1992.The study population consisted of 83 030 women who attended premarital/preconception medical physical examination program and had delivered single live birth with at least 20 gestational weeks from 1995 to 2000 in Jiaxing area,Zhejiang province.Results from the Chi-square test were employed to test the differences in the rates of neonatal asphyxia between groups with different BMI and other characteristics.Multivariate logistic regression method was conducted to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI,gestational weight gain,and the risk of asphyxia.Results The average rate of neonatal asphyxia was 11.3%(95% CI:11.1%-11.6%).The rates of neonatal asphyxia among women with BMI＜18.5 kg/m2,18.5-22.9 kg/m2,23.0-24.9 kg/m2,and≥25.0 kg/m2 were 11.0%(95% CI:10.5%-11.5%),11.3%(95% CI:11.1%-11.6%),11.8%(95% CI:11.0%-12.6%),and 12.9%(95% CI:11.6%-14.4%)respectively.The rates of neonatal asphyxia were 12.4% among women with weight gain＜0.3 kg/wk.higher than women with higher weight gain.After adjusting for residencial area,maternal age,educational level,occupation,parity,times of prenatal visit,high-risk experiences during pregnancy,high-risk experiences at time of delivery,gestational week and birth weight,the estimated ORs were 1.03(95% CI:0.97-1.09),1.06(95% CI:0.96-1.16)and 1.14(95% CI:1.00-1.31),respectively.These ORs became 1.02(95% CI:0.95-1.09),1.01(95% CI:0.90-1.13)and 1.08(95% CI:0.92-1.28)after further adjusting the variable "gestational weight gain".The estimated ORs for neonatal asphyxia were 1.06(95% CI:1.01-1.12)for women with weight gain at 0.3-kg/wk and 1.09(95% CI:1.02-1.20)for women with weight gain＜0.3 kg/wk when compared to those with weight gain≥0.5 kg/wk.Conclusion Lower weight gain seemed to have the effect of increasing the risk of neonatal asphyxia.

Expression and prognostic value of Polo-like kinase 1, E-cadherin in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the expression of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and E-cadherin in the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma, and to discuss the relationship between them and clinical-pathological features, and to evaluate their prognostic value of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>mRNA and protein expression of PLK1, E-cadherin were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method respectively, the correlations of them with clinical-pathological data, tumor free time, recurrence rate were compared and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA expression was observed in 90.0% for PLK1 and 96.0% for E-cadherin, and higher in cancerous' tissues than paracancerous' of all cases for PLK1 but no trend for E-cadherin. The positive and decreased expression rate for PLK1 and E-cadherin was observed in 60.0% and 50.0% respectively, the positive PLK1 expression was correlated with preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) only (chi2 = 4.433, P = 0.035), while E-cadherin expression was associated with none of the clinical-pathological features. There was a correlation between the positive PLK1 and decreased E-cadherin expression (chi2 = 5.333, P = 0.021). PLK1 (P = 0.006), E-cadherin (P = 0.019) and larger tumor (P = 0.019), portal vein tumor thrombi (P = 0.030), Edmondson grading (P = 0.019), preoperative serum AFP (P = 0.020) were all correlated with recurrence rate under Kaplan-Meier analysis, while only PLK1 (RR = 3.104, P = 0.009) had significant difference under Cox regression analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The positive PLK1 expression and the decreased E-cadherin expression indicate higher recurrence rate of HCC after liver transplantation, and PLK1 is a independent risk factor.</p>

Selection of acupoints in acupuncture-moxibustion for drug abstinence / 中国针灸

Selection (screening) of acupoints, clinical application of acupoints and mechanisms of acupoints in treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence in recent 10 years are reviewed, considering that the studies of acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence are not enough in the width and depth, especially, lacking deep studies in selection (screening) of acupoints, clinical application of acupoints and the mechanisms. The acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence is a newer field, in future the systematically and scientifically clinical and experimental studies on the acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence should be strengthened, especially, the studies on clinical application of acupoints.

Study on the descriptive epidemiology of pregnancy-induced hypertension from 1995 - 2000 in Jiaxing of Zhejiang province, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the epidemiological characters of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in Jiaxing areas of Zhejiang province of China between 1995 and 2000.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed the perinatal health surveillance data that was collected as part of the Sino-American cooperative project on neural tube defects prevention established in 1992. The study population consisted of 136 070 pregnant women with at least 20 weeks of gestational age. National diagnostic criteria were used to identify the cases which were divided into three subgroups: mild, moderate and severe.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>15 127 cases were identified and the overall incidence rate of PIH was 11.1% (95% CI : 11.0% - 11.3%). Among all the cases, mild, moderate and severe PIH were accounted for 71.4%, 22.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The proportions of PIH cases that occurred in the second trimester, third trimester and during delivery appeared to be 4.2%, 34.4% and 61.4%, respectively. There was a significant fall in the trend of PIH occurrence every year, which dropped from 10.7% in 1995 to 8.6% in 2000 by 19.6%. More risk of PIH seemed to be related to those mothers living in the urban areas with age under 20 or above 35, being peasants and having little educational, having had multiple gestations, conceiving in spring/summer or delivering in winter or spring etc. Compared with the results of national survey in 1988, the incidence rate of PIH was higher by 18.1%, while the proportion of severe PIH was much lower by 68.8%. Although the incidence rates of PIH in urban and rural areas were somehow similar, the proportion of severe PIH in rural areas was much higher than that in urban areas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overall incidence rate and distribution of PIH were reported. Compared with the results in 1988, incidence rate of PIH was much higher, particularly for mild cases.</p>

Study on reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1) polymorphism in the southern and northern Chinese population / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the distribution of reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1)genotype and allele frequency between southern and northern, female and male Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>RFC1 (A80G) genotype was detected, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) on 720 blood spot DNA from the normal subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of the northern population with AA, GG and GA genotypes were 22.28%, 31.09% and 46.63%, and the frequencies of the southern population were 18.56%, 22.75% and 58.68%, respectively. Findings showed that there were significant differences between southerners and northerners in RFC1 (A80G) genotype (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between G allele frequency of the northern (52.10%) and southern population (54.40%). The frequencies of male with RFC1 (A80G) AA, GG and GA genotype were 24.88%, 25.85% and 49.27%, and among female were 18.83%, 27.77% and 53.40%, respectively. There were no significant differences between male and female in RFC1 genotype (P > 0.05), or between G allele frequency in female (50.49%) and that in male (54.47%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The distribution of RFC1 genotype seemed to be consistent with neural tube defects (NTDs) while its prevalence among the northerners was higher than that of southerners, with female having a higher NTDs prevalence. This study provided genetic epidemiological data for etiological hypothesis between RFC1 and diseases relative to folate metabolism.</p>

The Condition for Sporulation of Helminthosporium carposaprum / 微生物学通报

Caused by Helminthosporium carposaprum, tomato brown lea f spot was a serious disease in green house in Henan Province. The condition for promoting sporulation of fungi were tested in this paper. The results showed th at the number of sporulation were different on the different medium,the fungi c ould sporulate a lot on the PDA+tomato leaf and Czapek medium, but V8、PSA and t omato juice restrained sporulation.The best carbon source and nitrogen source f or the fungi promoting sporulation were fructose and ammonium chloride respectiv ely,mannitol and Peptone ammonium sulfate restrained sporulation. Light and ult raviolet radiation were in favor of sporulation , ultraviolet radiation irradiat ing for 60～80min promoted sporulation. The fungi were promoted sporulation on the condition of lower or higher temperature and alkalescence,which 15℃o r 30℃,pH 8～9.